Lithium is a relatively new battery technology but it is fast becoming the battery technology of choice in segments such as the motorcycle world, due to the significant weight gains over lead-acid batteries.
In the world of cars, the technology has been slower to catch on, due in part to the fact that a few kilograms of weight saving in a car is not as significant as it is on a motorcycle. However, kit cars, race cars and high performance cars are all rapidly moving towards lithium batteries due to their weight savings and high-density energy capacity, offering performance gains and also crucial space saving.
LiFePO4 vs Lithium-Ion Batteries
Rechargeable batteries are crucial when it comes to combustion engines. That engine needs to be cranked and its the battery that does this. Once the battery has started the engine, the engine, in turn, will recharge the battery.
LiFePO4 and lithium ion batteries are taking over from lead-acid batteries. Both are generally referred to as just lithium but in fact they are constructed using different materials.
Though they both function effectively in many applications, there are some significant distinctions between them that may affect how well they operate in particular situations. Therefore, in order to choose the best 12v lithium battery, it's vital to comprehend the benefits and drawbacks of both varieties. To assist you in making an informed choice, we will examine the distinctions between LiFePO4 and lithium ion batteries in this post.
Lithium batteries: A Fiery Start
In the early days of lithium battery technology, the most common type was lithium-ion. As we'll explain in more detail below, these batteries are less stable than LiFePO4 batteries and as a result, when overcharged (using the wrong battery charger or via a dicky vehicle charging system) these lithium ion batteries could overheat, melt or even catch fire.
Unfortunately this has meant that 'lithium' batteries still have a slight reputation to this day. However, we we'll explain below, LiFePO4 is not volatile and the introduction of technology such as Battery Management Systems (BMS) inside your lithium battery, mean the days of overcharging are (almost) a thing of the past.
LiFePO4 vs Lithium-Ion Batteries: The Differences
Even though they are both rechargeable and have other characteristics in common, they differ greatly from one another. This section will compare seven factors in-depth in order to examine how they differ from one another.
Chemical Formulations
Because LiFePO4 batteries, sometimes referred to as lithium iron phosphate batteries, are made of phosphate, iron, and lithium ions, they are comparatively lighter, safer, and more stable than other types of traditional batteries. Lithium Ion batteries, on the other hand, are extremely energy-dense and efficient because they contain metallic lithium in addition to composite cathode materials like cobalt, nickel, or manganese.
Safety
Due to their chemistry, LiFePO4 batteries are thought to be safer than the other one since they are less likely to overheat or explode. Lithium-ion batteries, on the other hand, have the potential to overheat and catch fire if they are damaged or handled incorrectly, even though they are normally safe when used correctly. LiFePO4 batteries are therefore frequently chosen in applications such as motorcycles, solar power systems, electric automobiles, and industrial equipment where safety is a top priority.
Density of Energy
How much energy may be stored in a given space or weight depends on a battery's energy density. When compared to lithium-ion batteries, LiFePO4 is recognised for its increased longevity and increased safety. LiFePO4 batteries have a lower energy density than lithium-ion batteries, though.
Because lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density and a long battery life, they are commonly employed in consumer devices and electric cars. However, LiFePO4 batteries are also very well suited for certain applications where safety and long life are more crucial, such backup power.
Lifespan
Compared to lithium ion batteries, LiFePO4 batteries have a longer lifespan—up to ten years under ideal circumstances. Lithium ion batteries, however, usually have a lifespan of two to three years.
This is because of the chemistry and ingredients that went into making them. Although usage patterns, charging practices, and other factors can also impact longevity, it is generally accepted that LiFePO4 batteries have a longer lifespan than their lithium ion equivalents.
Mass
Because LiFePO4 batteries have a lower energy density than lithium-ion batteries, they are typically heavier. Of course, the size and capacity of each battery will determine the precise weights. Lithium ion batteries can be the best alternative if you're searching for the lightest one. However, LiFePO4 might be a better option if you're ready to give up some weight in exchange for greater longevity and safety.
Temperature Range
Compared to lithium-ion batteries, LiFePO4 batteries typically have a larger temperature range. Lithium Ion batteries operate in the range of 0 to 45°C (32 to 113°F), while LiFePO4 batteries are normally operated in the range of -20 to 60°C (-4 to 140°F).
This implies that LiFePO4 batteries won't lose power or have damage to the battery pack when used in cooler or warmer climates. Because of this, LiFePO4 batteries are a great option for applications like off-grid solar systems, electric vehicles, and maritime applications that need consistent and dependable battery power under harsh circumstances.
The voltage
Because of their distinct chemistry, LiFePO4 batteries have a lower voltage than conventional lithium ion batteries. Although this might initially appear to be a disadvantage, LiFePO4 batteries actually have a longer lifespan than other types because they release energy more gradually and steadily.
Conversely, lithium ion batteries often provide a higher voltage but have a shorter lifespan because of a faster rate of energy dissipation.
